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Control Group

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Placeble 228 x/6
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philipstorry
984 days ago
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I've suddenly realised that I have been in SO MANY control groups in my life...
And it feels fine. 😉
London, United Kingdom
jlvanderzwan
984 days ago
All these things that turned out to have no benefit and a ton of annoying side-effects that we didn't have to deal with!
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cjheinz
984 days ago
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Nice! Really takes the pressure off!
Lexington, KY; Naples, FL
ossiander
984 days ago
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Works for me

Come on baby light me on fire: McDonald's to sell 'Quarter Pounder' scented candles

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Because the human condition isn't harrowing enough

Fear, shame, regret and Quarter Pounder® with Cheese – now you can relive the scents of last night in your living room thanks to obesity merchants McDonald's.…

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philipstorry
1696 days ago
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I choose not to weep for humanity.
I choose to be f***ing amazed we made it this far...
London, United Kingdom
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Apple is considering letting users change default email, browser, music apps in iOS

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Closeup photo of a hand holding the iPhone 11

Enlarge / The iPhone 11. (credit: Samuel Axon)

Apple is seriously considering the possibility of allowing users to change the default apps for Web browsing, mail, or music on their iPhones. The company might also allow users to listen to Spotify or other music streaming services besides Apple Music via Siri on the iPhone or on the HomePod smart speaker.

These revelations were outlined in a report by Bloomberg's Mark Gurman this morning, who cited multiple people familiar with Apple's internal plans.

While Apple's plans are not final, the changes could go into effect as soon as Apple's iOS 14 release later this year, which means they would likely be introduced during Apple's developer conference this June.

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philipstorry
1697 days ago
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At last.
London, United Kingdom
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Invisible Formatting

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To avoid errors like this, we render all text and pipe it through OCR before processing, fixing a handful of irregular bugs by burying them beneath a smooth, uniform layer of bugs.
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philipstorry
2074 days ago
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Yeah, I get this anxiety too.
And it can actually be an issue. The best case is that at some point in the future you click into that space and start typing, only to find everything in bold. Easily fixed.
The worst case is that you find one of the chaotic, baffling stupid dead ends in Microsoft Word's layout engine and lose hours fighting it to get what you're sure should be a relatively simple layout.
London, United Kingdom
1858 days ago
https://keramatzade.com/Earn-wealth-with-amazing-business-ideals https://keramatzade.com/Law-of-Attraction-of-Wealth https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money https://modirebimeh.ir/online-calculation-of-iranian-life-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/engineers-professional-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/third-party-insurance-calculation/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-liability-insurance-have-you-not-yet-insured-your-business-with-iran-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-life-insurance-ganji-for-the-future-of-children-and-families/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-car-body-insurance-the-best-and-most-prestigious-in-the-iranian-insurance-industry/ https://modirebimeh.ir/the-most-reliable-and-unrivaled-third-party-car-insurance-in-iran/ https://keramatzade.com/14-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/8-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/25-jobs-with-which-you-can-earn-up-to-a-million-dollars https://keramatzade.com/success-secret-1 https://keramatzade.com/Make-Money-Online-Effective-step-by-step-money-making-techniques https://keramatzade.com/Make-money-at-home https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money-without-capital https://keramatzade.com/Creative-Money-Making-Ideas https://keramatzade.com/The-law-of-attracting-money https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-Make-Money-at-Home https://keramatzade.com/Immediate-absorption-of-wealth-in-10-minutes-and-attractive-ways-to-get-rich https://keramatzade.com/The-secret-of-attracting-money-in-Iran-to-achieve-creative-money-maker-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-get-rich-in-Iran-with-the-most-wonderful-business-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Astonishing-economic-intelligence-test-to-increase-financial-intelligence
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denubis
2074 days ago
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Ah, *TeX, the ultimate outcome of what I see is what I meant. (Also, if folks don't know about overleaf it... shockingly doesn't suck as an online LaTeX engine)
1858 days ago
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kazriko
2074 days ago
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I have my whitespace set to visible in my IDE for exactly things like this. And yes, WP5.1's reveal codes was a similarly useful thing. WYSIWYG is far inferior to WYSIWYM.
Colorado Plateau
awilchak
2074 days ago
reply
#same
Brooklyn, New York
1858 days ago
https://keramatzade.com/Earn-wealth-with-amazing-business-ideals https://keramatzade.com/Law-of-Attraction-of-Wealth https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money https://modirebimeh.ir/online-calculation-of-iranian-life-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/engineers-professional-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/third-party-insurance-calculation/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-liability-insurance-have-you-not-yet-insured-your-business-with-iran-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-life-insurance-ganji-for-the-future-of-children-and-families/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-car-body-insurance-the-best-and-most-prestigious-in-the-iranian-insurance-industry/ https://modirebimeh.ir/the-most-reliable-and-unrivaled-third-party-car-insurance-in-iran/ https://keramatzade.com/14-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/8-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/25-jobs-with-which-you-can-earn-up-to-a-million-dollars https://keramatzade.com/success-secret-1 https://keramatzade.com/Make-Money-Online-Effective-step-by-step-money-making-techniques https://keramatzade.com/Make-money-at-home https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money-without-capital https://keramatzade.com/Creative-Money-Making-Ideas https://keramatzade.com/The-law-of-attracting-money https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-Make-Money-at-Home https://keramatzade.com/Immediate-absorption-of-wealth-in-10-minutes-and-attractive-ways-to-get-rich https://keramatzade.com/The-secret-of-attracting-money-in-Iran-to-achieve-creative-money-maker-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-get-rich-in-Iran-with-the-most-wonderful-business-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Astonishing-economic-intelligence-test-to-increase-financial-intelligence
summerofjay
2074 days ago
reply
So much THIS!

It's bad enough in native apps but browser-based services have taken it to a new level (looking at you, Confluence)
23223
1858 days ago
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sirwired
2074 days ago
reply
God, I miss "Reveal Codes" from WordPerfect. It made fixing formatting problems *so* much easier over watching your entire document re-format because you delete a single paragraph break.
duerig
2074 days ago
I thought about reveal codes as well when I saw this. I miss it sometimes, but it always brought out my OCD side. I was always tempted to spend time erasing codes that didn't actually impact the document.
fallinghawks
2074 days ago
Reveal codes was awesome. My memory is of when word processors started to be able to apply HTML. An instant shitshow of massive amounts of repeated inline styling for a single character. You could not find the actual text in the mess.
reconbot
2074 days ago
Let’s be clear, even if it didn’t impact the document removing unnecessary and unexpected codes is important work.
1858 days ago
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emdeesee
2074 days ago
reply
The struggle is real. 😬
Sherman, TX
1858 days ago
https://keramatzade.com/Earn-wealth-with-amazing-business-ideals https://keramatzade.com/Law-of-Attraction-of-Wealth https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money https://modirebimeh.ir/online-calculation-of-iranian-life-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/engineers-professional-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/third-party-insurance-calculation/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-liability-insurance-have-you-not-yet-insured-your-business-with-iran-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-life-insurance-ganji-for-the-future-of-children-and-families/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-car-body-insurance-the-best-and-most-prestigious-in-the-iranian-insurance-industry/ https://modirebimeh.ir/the-most-reliable-and-unrivaled-third-party-car-insurance-in-iran/ https://keramatzade.com/14-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/8-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/25-jobs-with-which-you-can-earn-up-to-a-million-dollars https://keramatzade.com/success-secret-1 https://keramatzade.com/Make-Money-Online-Effective-step-by-step-money-making-techniques https://keramatzade.com/Make-money-at-home https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money-without-capital https://keramatzade.com/Creative-Money-Making-Ideas https://keramatzade.com/The-law-of-attracting-money https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-Make-Money-at-Home https://keramatzade.com/Immediate-absorption-of-wealth-in-10-minutes-and-attractive-ways-to-get-rich https://keramatzade.com/The-secret-of-attracting-money-in-Iran-to-achieve-creative-money-maker-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-get-rich-in-Iran-with-the-most-wonderful-business-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Astonishing-economic-intelligence-test-to-increase-financial-intelligence
Screwtape
2074 days ago
reply
And this is why web developers keep opening the developer tools to look at the page markup, and why grey-beards fondly remember Word Perfect's "Reveal Codes" feature.
HarlandCorbin
2074 days ago
I miss reveal codes. Word just hides them, tons of on/off tags hidden from view.
1858 days ago
https://keramatzade.com/Earn-wealth-with-amazing-business-ideals https://keramatzade.com/Law-of-Attraction-of-Wealth https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money https://modirebimeh.ir/online-calculation-of-iranian-life-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/engineers-professional-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/third-party-insurance-calculation/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-liability-insurance-have-you-not-yet-insured-your-business-with-iran-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-life-insurance-ganji-for-the-future-of-children-and-families/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-car-body-insurance-the-best-and-most-prestigious-in-the-iranian-insurance-industry/ https://modirebimeh.ir/the-most-reliable-and-unrivaled-third-party-car-insurance-in-iran/ https://keramatzade.com/14-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/8-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/25-jobs-with-which-you-can-earn-up-to-a-million-dollars https://keramatzade.com/success-secret-1 https://keramatzade.com/Make-Money-Online-Effective-step-by-step-money-making-techniques https://keramatzade.com/Make-money-at-home https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money-without-capital https://keramatzade.com/Creative-Money-Making-Ideas https://keramatzade.com/The-law-of-attracting-money https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-Make-Money-at-Home https://keramatzade.com/Immediate-absorption-of-wealth-in-10-minutes-and-attractive-ways-to-get-rich https://keramatzade.com/The-secret-of-attracting-money-in-Iran-to-achieve-creative-money-maker-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-get-rich-in-Iran-with-the-most-wonderful-business-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Astonishing-economic-intelligence-test-to-increase-financial-intelligence
alt_text_bot
2074 days ago
reply
To avoid errors like this, we render all text and pipe it through OCR before processing, fixing a handful of irregular bugs by burying them beneath a smooth, uniform layer of bugs.
1858 days ago
https://keramatzade.com/Earn-wealth-with-amazing-business-ideals https://keramatzade.com/Law-of-Attraction-of-Wealth https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money https://modirebimeh.ir/online-calculation-of-iranian-life-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/engineers-professional-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/third-party-insurance-calculation/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-liability-insurance-have-you-not-yet-insured-your-business-with-iran-liability-insurance/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-life-insurance-ganji-for-the-future-of-children-and-families/ https://modirebimeh.ir/iran-car-body-insurance-the-best-and-most-prestigious-in-the-iranian-insurance-industry/ https://modirebimeh.ir/the-most-reliable-and-unrivaled-third-party-car-insurance-in-iran/ https://keramatzade.com/14-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/8-ways-to-increase-revenue https://keramatzade.com/25-jobs-with-which-you-can-earn-up-to-a-million-dollars https://keramatzade.com/success-secret-1 https://keramatzade.com/Make-Money-Online-Effective-step-by-step-money-making-techniques https://keramatzade.com/Make-money-at-home https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-make-money-without-capital https://keramatzade.com/Creative-Money-Making-Ideas https://keramatzade.com/The-law-of-attracting-money https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-Make-Money-at-Home https://keramatzade.com/Immediate-absorption-of-wealth-in-10-minutes-and-attractive-ways-to-get-rich https://keramatzade.com/The-secret-of-attracting-money-in-Iran-to-achieve-creative-money-maker-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Ways-to-get-rich-in-Iran-with-the-most-wonderful-business-ideas https://keramatzade.com/Astonishing-economic-intelligence-test-to-increase-financial-intelligence
alt_text_at_your_service
2074 days ago
reply
To avoid errors like this, we render all text and pipe it through OCR before processing, fixing a handful of irregular bugs by burying them beneath a smooth, uniform layer of bugs.
1858 days ago
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The early history of Windows file attributes, and why there is a gap between System and Directory

1 Comment

Let's look at the values for the basic Windows file attributes. There's a gap where 8 should be.

FILE_ATTRIBUTE_... Value
READONLY 0x00000001
HIDDEN 0x00000002
SYSTEM 0x00000004
  0x00000008
DIRECTORY 0x00000010
ARCHIVE 0x00000020

Rewind to CP/M.

CP/M supported eleven attributes:

Name Meaning
F1, F2, F3, F4 User-defined
F5, F6, F7, F8 Interface-defined
T1 Read-only
T2 System
T3 Archive

The operating system imposed no semantics for user-defined attributes. You can use them for whatever you want.

The meanings of the interface-defined attributes were defined by each operating system interface. Think of them as four bonus flag parameters for each syscall that takes a file control block. You could set interface-defined attributes before calling a function, and that passed four additional flags in. Or the function could manipulate those attributes before returning, allowing it to return four flags out. Interface-defined attributes are always clear on disk.

The read-only bit marked a file as read-only.

The system bit had two effects: First, it hid the file from directory listings. Second, if the file belonged to user 0,¹ then the file was available to all users. (This was handy for program files.)

The archive bit reported whether the file has been backed up.

These attributes were retrofitted onto the existing directory structure by taking over the high bits of the eleven filename characters! That's why they are named F1 through F8 (high bits of the eight-character file base name) and T1 through T3 (high bits of the three-character extension, also known as the file type).

You can infer from this that CP/M file names were limited to 7-bit ASCII.

Anyway, MS-DOS 1.0 split the dual meaning of the system attribute into two attribute (hidden and system), and even though it didn't implement the read-only attribute, it reserved space for it.

That explains why the first three attributes are read-only (1), hidden (2), and system (4).

MS-DOS 2.0 most notably added support for subdirectories, but another feature that came along was volume labels. Since there was no space for the volume label in the disk header, the volume label was added as a directory entry in the root directory, with a special attribute that says "This is a volume label, not a file."²

The next attributes became volume label (8), directory (16), and archive (32).

Win32 adopted the same file attribute values as MS-DOS and 16-bit Windows, presumably in an effort to minimize surprises when porting code from 16-bit to 32-bit. The volume label attribute disappeared from Win32, but the bits for directory and archive were left at their original values to avoid problems with programs that operated with file attributes. Those programs contained their own definitions for the file attributes because 16-bit Windows didn't provide any.

¹ CP/M supported up to 16 users, numbered 0 through 15. When you started the computer, you were user 0, but you could change users by saying USER n. Files belonging to other users were inaccessible, except that system files belong to user 0 were available to everyone. Anybody could change to any user at any time, so this was a file organization feature, not a security feature. In practice, nobody really used it because floppy discs were so small that it was easier to organize your files by putting them on different floppies than by trying to remember which user you used for each file.

² Windows 95 later repurposed the volume label attribute to mark directory entries as being used for long file names. Disk utilities often parsed directory entries directly, so any change in the disk format was a compatibility risk. The choice to use the volume label attribute for this purpose came after a lot of experimentation to find the least disruptive file format for long file names. It turns out that most low-level disk utility programs ignored anything marked with the volume label attribute.

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philipstorry
2236 days ago
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I knew that it was the Volume Label flag, and that it was used for LFNs.
I had no idea it was deprecated and no longer in the documentation though!
The CP/M stuff is fascinating. I never really used CP/M enough for that to be something I'd have noticed, kinda want to have a tinker now...
London, United Kingdom
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New US Tariffs are Anti-Maker and Will Encourage Offshoring

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The new 25% tariffs announced by the USTR, set to go into effect on July 6th, are decidedly anti-Maker and ironically pro-offshoring. I’ve examined the tariff lists (List 1 and List 2), and it taxes the import of basic components, tools and sub-assemblies, while giving fully assembled goods a free pass. The USTR’s press release is careful to mention that the tariffs “do not include goods commonly purchased by American consumers such as cellular telephones or televisions.”

Think about it – big companies with the resources to organize thousands of overseas workers making TVs and cell phones will have their outsourced supply chains protected, but small companies that still assemble valuable goods from basic parts inside the US are about to see significant cost increases. Worse yet educators, already forced to work with a shoe-string budget, are going to return from their summer recess to find that basic parts, tools and components for use in the classroom are now significantly more expensive.


Above: The Adafruit MetroX Classic Kit is representative of a typical electronics education kit. Items marked with an “X” in the above image are potentially impacted by the new USTR tariffs.

New Tariffs Reward Offshoring, Encourage IP Flight

Some of the most compelling jobs to bring back to the US are the so-called “last screw” system integration operations. These often involve the complex and precise process of integrating simple sub-assemblies into high-value goods such as 3D printers or cell phones. Quality control and IP protection are paramount. I often advise startups to consider putting their system integration operations in the US because difficult-to-protect intellectual property, such as firmware, never has to be exported if the firmware upload operation happens in the US. The ability to leverage China for low-value subassemblies opens more headroom to create high-value jobs in the US, improving the overall competitiveness of American companies.

Unfortunately, the structure of the new tariffs are exactly the opposite of what you would expect to bring those jobs back to the US. Stiff new taxes on simple components, sub-assemblies, and tools like soldering irons contrasted against a lack of taxation on finished goods pushes business owners to send these “last screw” operation overseas. Basically, with these new tariffs the more value-add sent outside the borders of the US, the more profitable a business will be. Not even concerns over IP security could overcome a 25% increase in base costs and keep operations in the US.

It seems the intention of the new tariff structure was to minimize the immediate pain that voters would feel in the upcoming mid-terms by waiving taxes on finished goods. Unfortunately, the reality is it gives small businesses that were once considering setting up shop in the US a solid reason to look off-shore, while rewarding large corporations for heavy investments in overseas operations.

New Tariffs Hurt Educators and Makers

Learning how to blink a light is the de-facto introduction to electronics. This project is often done with the help of a circuit board, such as a Microbit or Chibi Chip, and a type of light known as an LED. Unfortunately, both of those items – simple circuit boards and LEDs – are about to get 25% more expensive with the new tariffs, along with other Maker and educator staples such as capacitors, resistors, soldering irons, and oscilloscopes. The impact of this cost hike will be felt throughout the industry, but most sharply by educators, especially those serving under-funded school districts.


Above: Learning to blink a light is the de-facto introduction to electronics, and it typically involves a circuit board and an LED, like those pictured above.

Somewhere on the Pacific Ocean right now floats a container of goods for ed-tech startup Chibitronics. The goods are slated primarily for educators and Makers that are stocking up for the fall semester. It will arrive in the US the second week of July, and will likely be greeted by a heavy import tax. I know this because I’m directly involved in the startup’s operations. Chibitronics’ core mission is to serve the educator market, and as part of that we routinely offered deep discounts on bulk products for educators and school systems. Now, thanks to the new tariffs on the basic components that educators rely upon to teach electronics, we are less able to fulfill our mission.

A 25% jump in base costs forces us to choose between immediate price increases or cutting the salaries of our American employees who support the educators. These new tariffs are a tax on America’s future – it deprives some of the most vulnerable groups of access to technology education, making future American workers less competitive on the global stage.


Above: Educator-oriented learning kits like the Chibitronics “Love to Code” are slated for price increases this fall due to the new tariffs.

Protectionism is Bad for Technological Leadership

Recently, I was sent photos by Hernandi Krammes of a network card that was manufactured in Brazil around 1992. One of the most striking features of the card was how retro it looked – straight out of the 80’s, a full decade behind its time. This is a result of Brazil’s policy of protectionist tariffs on the import of high-tech components. While stiff tariffs on the import of microchips drove investment in local chip companies, trade barriers meant the local companies didn’t have to be as competitive. With less incentive to re-invest or upgrade, local technology fell behind the curve, leading ultimately to anachronisms like the Brazilian Ethernet card pictured below.


Above: this Brazilian network card from 1992 features design techniques from the early 80’s. It is large and clunky compared to contemporaneous cards.

Significantly, it’s not that the Brazilian engineers were any less clever than their Western counterparts: they displayed considerable ingenuity getting a network card to work at all using primarily domestically-produced components. The tragedy is instead of using their brainpower to create industry-leading technology, most of their effort went into playing catch-up with the rest of the world. By the time protectionist policies were repealed in Brazil, the local industry was too far behind to effectively compete on a global scale.

Should the US follow Brazil’s protectionist stance on trade, it’s conceivable that some day I might be remarking on the quaintness of American network cards compared to their more advanced Chinese or European counterparts. Trade barriers don’t make a country more competitive – in fact, quite the opposite. In a competition of ideas, you want to start with the best tech available anywhere; otherwise, you’re still jogging to the starting line while the competition has already finished their first lap.

Stand Up and Be Heard

There is a sliver of good news in all of this for American Makers. The list of commodities targeted in the trade war is not yet complete. The “List 2” items – which include all manner of microchips, motors, and plastics (such as 3D printer PLA filament and acrylic sheets for laser cutting) that are building blocks for small businesses and Makers – have yet to be ratified. The USTR website has indicated in the coming weeks they will disclose a process for public review and comment. Once this process is made transparent – whether you are a small business owner or the parent of a child with technical aspirations – I encourage you to please share your stories and concerns on how you will be negatively impacted by these additional tariffs.

Some of the List 2 items still under review include:

9030.31.00 Multimeters for measuring or checking electrical voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device
8541.10.00 Diodes, other than photosensitive or light-emitting diodes
8541.40.60 Diodes for semiconductor devices, other than light-emitting diodes, nesoi
8542.31.00 Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers
8542.32.00 Electronic integrated circuits: memories
8542.33.00 Electronic integrated circuits: amplifiers
8542.39.00 Electronic integrated circuits: other
8542.90.00 Parts of electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies
8501.10.20 Electric motors of an output of under 18.65 W, synchronous, valued not over $4 each
8501.10.60 Electric motors of an output of 18.65 W or more but not exceeding 37.5 W
8501.31.40 DC motors, nesoi, of an output exceeding 74.6 W but not exceeding 735 W
8544.49.10 Insulated electric conductors of a kind used for telecommunications, for a voltage not exceeding 80 V, not fitted with connectors
8544.49.20 Insulated electric conductors nesoi, for a voltage not exceeding 80 V, not fitted with connectors
3920.59.80 Plates, sheets, film, etc, noncellular, not reinforced, laminated, combined, of other acrylic polymers, nesoi
3916.90.30 Monafilament nesoi, of plastics, excluding ethylene, vinyl chloride and acrylic polymers

Here’s some of the “List 1” items that are set to become 25% more expensive to import from China, come July 6th:

Staples used by every Maker or electronics educator:

8515.11.00 Electric soldering irons and guns
8506.50.00 Lithium primary cells and primary batteries
8506.60.00 Air-zinc primary cells and primary batteries
9030.20.05 Oscilloscopes and oscillographs, specially designed for telecommunications
9030.33.34 Resistance measuring instruments
9030.33.38 Other instruments and apparatus, nesoi, for measuring or checking electrical voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device
9030.39.01 Instruments and apparatus, nesoi, for measuring or checking

Circuit assemblies (like Microbit, Chibi Chip, Arduino):

8543.90.68 Printed circuit assemblies of electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, nesoi
9030.90.68 Printed circuit assemblies, NESOI

Basic electronic components:

8532.21.00 Tantalum fixed capacitors
8532.22.00 Aluminum electrolytic fixed capacitors
8532.23.00 Ceramic dielectric fixed capacitors, single layer
8532.24.00 Ceramic dielectric fixed capacitors, multilayer
8532.25.00 Dielectric fixed capacitors of paper or plastics
8532.29.00 Fixed electrical capacitors, nesoi
8532.30.00 Variable or adjustable (pre-set) electrical capacitors
8532.90.00 Parts of electrical capacitors, fixed, variable or adjustable (pre-set)
8533.10.00 Electrical fixed carbon resistors, composition or film types
8533.21.00 Electrical fixed resistors, other than composition or film type carbon resistors, for a power handling capacity not exceeding 20 W
8533.29.00 Electrical fixed resistors, other than composition or film type carbon resistors, for a power handling capacity exceeding 20 W
8533.31.00 Electrical wirewound variable resistors, including rheostats and potentiometers, for a power handling capacity not exceeding 20 W
8533.40.40 Metal oxide resistors
8533.40.80 Electrical variable resistors, other than wirewound, including rheostats and potentiometers
8533.90.80 Other parts of electrical resistors, including rheostats and potentiometers, nesoi
8541.21.00 Transistors, other than photosensitive transistors, with a dissipation rating of less than 1 W
8541.29.00 Transistors, other than photosensitive transistors, with a dissipation rating of 1 W or more
8541.30.00 Thyristors, diacs and triacs, other than photosensitive devices
8541.40.20 Light-emitting diodes (LED’s)
8541.40.70 Photosensitive transistors
8541.40.80 Photosensitive semiconductor devices nesoi, optical coupled isolators
8541.40.95 Photosensitive semiconductor devices nesoi, other
8541.50.00 Semiconductor devices other than photosensitive semiconductor devices, nesoi
8541.60.00 Mounted piezoelectric crystals
8541.90.00 Parts of diodes, transistors, similar semiconductor devices, photosensitive semiconductor devices, LED’s and mounted piezoelectric crystals
8504.90.75 Printed circuit assemblies of electrical transformers, static converters and inductors, nesoi
8504.90.96 Parts (other than printed circuit assemblies) of electrical transformers, static converters and inductors
8536.50.90 Switches nesoi, for switching or making connections to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V
8536.69.40 Connectors: coaxial, cylindrical multicontact, rack and panel, printed circuit, ribbon or flat cable, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V
8544.49.30 Insulated electric conductors nesoi, of copper, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V, not fitted with connectors
8544.49.90 Insulated electric conductors nesoi, not of copper, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V, not fitted with connectors
8544.60.20 Insulated electric conductors nesoi, for a voltage exceeding 1,000 V, fitted with connectors
8544.60.40 Insulated electric conductors nesoi, of copper, for a voltage exceeding 1,000 V, not fitted with connectors

Parts to fix your phone if it breaks:

8537.10.80 Touch screens without display capabilities for incorporation in apparatus having a display
9033.00.30 Touch screens without display capabilities for incorporation in apparatus having a display
9013.80.70 Liquid crystal and other optical flat panel displays other than for articles of heading 8528, nesoi
9033.00.20 LEDs for backlighting of LCDs
8504.90.65 Printed circuit assemblies of the goods of subheading 8504.40 or 8504.50 for telecommunication apparatus

Power supplies:

9032.89.60 Automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus, nesoi
9032.90.21 Parts and accessories of automatic voltage and voltage-current regulators designed for use in a 6, 12, or 24 V system, nesoi
9032.90.41 Parts and accessories of automatic voltage and voltage-current regulators, not designed for use in a 6, 12, or 24 V system, nesoi
9032.90.61 Parts and accessories for automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus, nesoi
8504.90.41 Parts of power supplies (other than printed circuit assemblies) for automatic data processing machines or units thereof of heading 8471
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philipstorry
2309 days ago
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Trade wars are never a good idea unless you have a monopoly.
Bunnie lays out the long-term implications for America's economy very effectively here.
It can't be the intended result that the big multinationals will potentially benefit by removing small competition. It can't be the intended result that this restricts access to educational opportunities.
Sadly, I doubt that those behind the trade war care about anything other than how tough they think they look...
London, United Kingdom
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2 public comments
jepler
2308 days ago
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bunnie lays it out for you
Earth, Sol system, Western spiral arm
brennen
2309 days ago
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This is pretty fucking relevant both to my interests and to my continued gainful employment.
Boulder, CO
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